Why is it important to monitor nitrates in drinking water?

Monitoring nitrates in drinking water is crucial because elevated levels can lead to serious health issues, particularly a condition known as Methemoglobinemia, commonly referred to as "blue baby syndrome." This condition affects the ability of blood to carry oxygen, posing a significant risk to infants under six months of age. When infants consume water or formula mixed with high-nitrate water, the nitrates can convert hemoglobin into methemoglobin, resulting in the characteristic bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygen transportation.

In addition, monitoring nitrates is also part of ensuring the overall safety and quality of drinking water. While other options relate to different aspects of water quality, such as hardness, bacteria, and pH levels, none directly connect to the specific health risks associated with high levels of nitrates in drinking water as effectively as addressing the incidence of Methemoglobinemia. Thus, focusing on nitrate levels is essential for protecting vulnerable populations and maintaining the safety of the water supply.