What term describes the uptake of water or dissolved chemicals by a cell or organism?

The term that describes the uptake of water or dissolved chemicals by a cell or organism is absorption. This process involves the movement of substances into cells or tissues, typically through cell membranes, resulting in these substances becoming part of the internal environment of the organism.

In the context of biology and environmental science, absorption is crucial for maintaining cellular functions, as it allows organisms to take in the essential nutrients and water they need to survive and thrive. The process can occur through various mechanisms, including passive transport, where no energy is required, or active transport, which involves energy expenditure.

Other terms like diffusion refer to the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, but do not specifically indicate the uptake into an organism. Adsorption involves the adhesion of substances to a surface, which is different from absorption where substances are taken into the volume of the solid or liquid. Permeation refers to the process of a substance passing through a barrier or membrane, which is a step in absorption but does not encompass the overall uptake aspect.

Understanding these distinctions is important in the context of drinking water treatment, as it relates to how organisms and cells interact with various compounds present in water.